Ramadan Taraweeh Prayer
Not An Obligation, But
A Special Option With
No Fixed Number
(M. Javed Naseem)
It is so surprising to see that people are so un-informed or
ill-informed on the subject of Taraweeh prayer during the month of Ramadan. Let
me shock you with this revelation that there is no mention of “Salaat-ut-Taraweeh”
(Taraweeh prayer) in the Quran, nor in the authentic Ahadith of Bukhari. The
only mention we find in the Quran and in authentic Ahadith, is of the “Qayam-ul-Layl”
(rising or standing to prayer at night) which scholars have named as ‘Salaat-ul-Layl’
or ‘Tahajjud’; and the ‘Qayam-i-Ramadan’. Qayam-i-Ramadan is a special prayer
our Prophet recommended us to offer only during that particular month to gain
extra rewards. The scholars later called it ‘Taraweeh’.
The funny thing is that none of the two prayers or ‘Qayam’
is referred to or connected to the night prayer (Salaat-ul-Isha). Both of those
prayers are described or referred to the ‘later’ part of the night, before the
morning (Fajr) prayer – in other words, the time of ‘Tahajjud’ prayer. That
means that the special Ramadan prayer (Taraweeh) is the prayer that should be
performed at the time of Tahajjud, and not with Isha prayer.
“Truly the rising by night is most potent for
governing (the soul),
and most suitable for
(framing) the Word
(of Prayer and Praise).”
(al-Quran 73:6)
“Stand (to prayer) by night, but not all night,
half of it, or a little less, or a little more;
and recite the Quran
in slow, measured
rhythmic tones.”
(al-Quran 73:2-4)
Here’s how it all started during the month of Ramadan in
Madinah:
Narrated Urwa that he was informed by Aayesha (r.a.a.), ‘Allah's
Apostle went out in the middle of the night and prayed in the mosque and some men
prayed behind him. In the morning, the people spoke about it and then a large
number of them gathered and prayed behind him (on the second night). In the
next morning the people again talked about it and on the third night the mosque
was full with a large number of people. Allah's Apostle came out and the people
prayed behind him. On the fourth night the Mosque was overwhelmed with people
and could not accommodate them, but the Prophet came out (only) for the
morning-prayer (Fajr). When the morning-prayer (Fajr) was finished, he recited
Tashah-hud and (addressing the people) said, “Amma ba'du, your presence was not
hidden from me but I was afraid lest the night prayer (Qayam) should be
enjoined on you and you might not be able to carry it on.”
So, when Allah's Apostle died, the situation remained like
that (i.e. people prayed individually).’
(Bukhari, Book 21 & 32, No. 229)
In other words, it is not necessary to perform Taraweeh
prayer in congregation; or in a mosque; or soon after the Isha prayer. It is an
optional (Nafl) prayer preferably to be performed in the last part of the
night, but before the Fajr prayer.
Finishing the Quran 2
or 3 Times:
The Quran is Allah’s message (or command) to us and we
should pay attention to it. It is a ‘how to’ for a Muslim as it tells us how to
live and conduct ourselves. Allah requires from us that we study the Quran,
understand it, ponder (think) upon it, and finally act upon it or live by it. Reading
it without understanding it or without living by it does not serve its purpose.
The following verse of the Quran also clarifies the matter
for those ignorant people who insist on finishing (reading) the Quran 2 or 3 or
5 times during a particular period. Finishing the Quran in one month is NOT
required. You can recite as much as you easily can. Allah is the most Merciful
and Generous to give you the countless rewards.
“Your Lord does know that you stand forth
(to prayer) nearly
two-thirds of the night,
or half the night, or
a third of the night, and
so does a party of
those with you. But Allah
does appoint night
and day in due measure.
He knows that you are
unable to keep count
thereof. So, He has
turned to you (in mercy).
Recite, therefore, of
the Quran as much as
may be easy for you.”
(al-Quran 73:20)
The subject is vast but I would like to be as brief as
possible. I prefer to quote you some authentic Ahadith. Study them, along with
the Quran – especially Surah al-Muzammil – and make up your own mind. It’s your
life and it’s your Hereafter! Only you would be questioned about it.
Remember one thing! The prayer of Isha (night) is obligatory
(Fard/Farz) while Tahajjud and Taraweeh are optional (Nafl) prayers. Obligatory
prayers have fixed number of Rakaats, whereas optional prayers have no fixed
number. You perform as much or as little as you easily can. Two Rakaats are the
minimum to offer.
There are many narrations (Ahadith) on the subject of ‘Night
Prayer’ and, if you study all of them, you come to the conclusion that Prophet
Muhammad (s.a.w.) generally performed 11 (occasionally 13) Rakaats (of prayer) at
the time of Tahajjud (the last 1/3rd of the night) and it included 3
Rakaats of Witr prayer as well. The 13-Rakaats session also included in it the
2-Rakaats of Sunnah (Nafl) prayer of Fajr.
Don’t over-do it!
Remembering Allah and offering prayers is an excellent thing
to do but at the same time we should remember that Allah sent us to live in
this world so that we have to handle the affairs of this world too. We need to
keep the balance. We should not force or kill ourselves for the sake of ‘prayer’
by over-doing it. Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) prohibited it in the following
Hadith:
Hadith:
Narrated Aayesha, (r.a.a.): “Once the Prophet (s.a.w.) came home
while a woman was sitting with me. He said, "Who is she?" I replied,
"She is so-and-so," and told him about her (excessive) prayers.
He said disapprovingly: "Do (good) deeds which are
within your capacity (without being overtaxed) as Allah does not get tired (of
giving rewards) but (surely) you will get tired; and the Deen (good, righteous
deed, act of worship) loved most by Allah is that which is done regularly”.
(Bukhari, Book 2, No. 41)
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Offering
optional prayers is like
putting extra
money in your saving
bank account.
You can benefit from
their rewards
in the Hereafter when
your good deeds
might not be enough
to save you
from the Hellfire!
*********************************
Hadith:
Narrated Aayesha (r.a.a.): “Allah's Apostle used to offer
eleven Rakat and that was his prayer. He used to prolong the prostration to
such an extent that one could recite fifty verses (of the Quran) before he
would lift his head. He used to pray two Rakat (Sunna) before the Fajr prayer
and then used to lie down on his right side till the call-maker came and
informed him about the prayer.” (Bukhari, Book 21, No. 223)
Hadith:
Narrated Aayesha (r.a.a.): “Allah's Apostle used to give up
a good deed, although he loved to do it, for fear that people might act on it
and it might be made compulsory for them. The Prophet never prayed the Duha
prayer, but I offer it.”
(Bukhari, Book 21, No. 228)
Quality, Not the
Quantity:
Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) did not perform too many Rakaats
of prayer late night. He generally offered 11 or 13 Rakaats (including Witr
prayer) but he used to recite a lot of the Quran in those Rakaats.
Hadith:
Mughirah bin Shubah (r.a.a.) reported that Rasul-Allah
(s.a.w.) performed such lengthy ‘Nafl’ (optional) prayers, that his feet used
to swell. Once, the companions said: "O Messenger of Allah! You undergo
such hardships despite that Allah has forgiven your past and future sins."
Rasul-Allah (s.a.w.) answered: "When Allah Taala has
blessed me so much, shouldn’t I be a grateful servant of Allah?”
Hadith:
Abu Hurairah (r.a.a.) narrated: "Rasul-Allah (s.a.w.)
performed so many ‘nawafil’ (optional prayers) that his legs swelled. Someone
asked him: “You endure so much pain while you have been given the good news
that Allah has forgiven your past and future sins?” The Prophet (s.a.w.)
replied: “Should I not be a grateful servant then?”
Hadith:
Narrated Al-Mughira: “The Prophet used to stand (in the
prayer) or pray till both his feet or legs swelled. He was asked why (he
offered such an unbearable prayer) and he said, "should I not be a
thankful slave."
(Bukhari, Book 21, No. 230)
Hadith:
Narrated Abdullah bin Amr bin Al-aas, “Allah's Apostle told
me: The most beloved prayer to Allah is that of David and the most beloved
fasts to Allah are those of David. He used to sleep for half of the night and
then pray for one third of the night and again sleep for its sixth part and
used to fast on alternate days."
(Bukhari, Book 21, No. 231)
Hadith:
Narrated Abu-Wael: Abdullah said, "One night I offered
the Tahajjud prayer with the Prophet and he kept on standing till an
ill-thought came to me." We said, "What was the ill-thought?" He
said, "It was to sit down and leave the Prophet (standing)."
(Bukhari, Book 21, No. 236)
Hadith:
Narrated Ibn Abbas: “The prayer of the Prophet used to be of
thirteen Rakat, i.e. of the night prayer.”
(Bukhari, Book 21, No. 239)
Hadith:
Narrated Masruq: “I asked Aayesha (r.a.a.) about the night
prayer of Allah's Apostle and she said, ‘It was seven, nine or eleven Rakaats
besides the two Rakaats of the Fajr prayer (i.e. Sunnah)."
(Bukhari, Book 21, No. 240)
Hadith:
Narrated Aayesha (r.a.a.), “The Prophet (s.a.w.) used to
offer thirteen Rakaats of the night prayer and that included the Witr and two
Rakaats (Sunnah) of the Fajr prayer.”
(Bukhari, Book 21, No. 241)
Hadith:
Narrated Abu Huraira: “Allah's Apostle (s.a.w.) said, ‘Our
Lord, the Blessed, the Superior,
comes every night down on the nearest Heaven to us when the last third of the
night remains, saying: "Is there anyone to invoke Me, so that I may
respond to invocation? Is there anyone to ask Me, so that I may grant him his
request? Is there anyone seeking My forgiveness, so that I may forgive
him?"
(Bukhari, Book 21, No. 246)
Hadith:
Narrated Abu Salma bin Abdur Rahman: “I asked Aayesha (r.a.a.),
‘How is the prayer of Allah's Apostle during the month of Ramadan."
She said, "Allah's Apostle never exceeded eleven Rakaats
in Ramadan or in other months. He used to offer four Rakaats – do not ask me
about their beauty and length, then four Rakaats, do not ask me about their
beauty and length, and then three Rakaats." She further said, "I
said, 'O Allah's Apostle! Do you sleep before offering the Witr prayer?' He
replied, 'O Aayesha! My eyes sleep but my heart remains awake'!"
(Bukhari, Book 21, No. 248)
Hadith:
Narrated Aayesha (r.a.a.): “With the start of the last ten
days of Ramadan, the Prophet used to tighten his waist belt (i.e. work hard)
and used to pray all night, and used to keep his family awake for the prayers.”
(Bukhari, Book 32, No. 241)
Night of Qadr (Lailat-ul-Qadr:
Hadith:
Narrated Aayesha (r.a.a.): Allah's Apostle used to practice
Aitikaf in the last ten nights of Ramadan and used to say, "Look for the
Night of Qadr in the last ten nights of the month of Ramadan ,"
(Bukhari, Book 32, No. 237)
Hadith:
Narrated Ubada bin As-Samit: The Prophet came out to inform
us about the Night of Qadr but two Muslims were quarreling with each other. So,
the Prophet said, "I came out to inform you about the Night of Qadr but
such-and-such persons were quarreling, so the news about it had been taken
away; yet that might be for your own good, so search for it on the 29th, 27th
and 25th (of Ramadan).
(Bukhari, Book 32, No. 240)
Hadith:
Narrated Aayesha (r.a.a.): “Allah's Apostle said, Search for
the Night of Qadr in the odd nights of the last ten days of Ramadan."
(Bukhari, Book 32, No. 234)
Fake Ahadith:
We should be very careful about Ahadith. There are so many
fake, fabricated and weak Ahadith printed in the books that people just ‘copy
and paste’ without caring about their authenticity. Muslims don’t have the
habit of verifying the contents of religious messages and translations. Any
Hadith that does not conform to the teachings or message of the Quran, or
contradicts the teachings/message of the Quran, or deviates from it in
interpretation, is NOT authentic. Simple as that!
Hadith:
Narrated Ali, (r.a.a.): The Prophet (s.a.w.) said: "Do
not tell a lie against me for whoever tells a lie against me (intentionally)
then he will surely enter the Hellfire.”
(Bukhari, Book 3, Ch. 38, No.106)
Hadith:
Narrated Abdullah bin Zubair: “I said to my father, "I
do not hear from you any narration (Hadith) of Allah's Messenger (s.a.w.) as I
hear (his narrations) from so-and-so?”
Zubair replied, "I was always with him (the Prophet,
s.a.w.) and I heard him saying, “Whoever tells a lie against me (intentionally)
then (surely) let him occupy his seat in Hellfire”.
(Bukhari, Book 3, Ch. 38, No.107)
Hadith:
Narrated Salama: “I heard the Prophet (s.a.w.) saying,
"Whoever (intentionally) ascribes to me what I have not said, then
(surely) let him occupy his seat in Hellfire."
(Bukhari, Book 3, Ch. 38, No.109)
{Excerpts from chapter: ‘Prayer of the Prophet’ of my book: “The
Way (Sunnah) of The Prophet (s.a.w.)”}
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